What is Worldview

World view stands for the individual’s perception of the world. World view does involve all the beliefs or philosophy on what we take the world to be in relation to ourselves. This does constitute one’s attitude, ideology and even one’s general outlook toward life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is Worldview? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People do ask themselves what human s are and what their purpose in life is. In discussing world views so many questions do arise. For example what is the world made up of? Does it involve assembling done by some sort of natural processes? Or is it created by a supreme being. One’s worldviews do shape individuals a great deal. However, people’s world view is affected by several factors which include an array of inherited characteristics, other background situations and experiences, inculcated values and even habits. This therefore mean s that people’s worldviews do differ from one individual to the other. One wonders what is the world and how did it originate. This question has proved quite challenging depending on one’s orientation. From what I feel, the world came to exist out of some supernatural power. This is despite the fact that there are other nations that try to explain the origin of the earth and the universe. The world is a mass that is composed of masses of water soil and life. Scientists have come up with their suppositions on how the earth formed. According to them, it is believed that the world came into being about 4.5 billion years ago. It formed from a solidified dust and other gases when the sun was formed. They believe that the earth was made of several ingredients including silicates and iron together with some other elements, some of which were radioactive. Since the earth was cold, some of the energy emanating from the reaction of the radioactive elements heats the earth, there by making it warm. The other constituents further react, creating depressions in the natural crust of the earth thereby causing natural basins of water, hills and volcanoes that led to the present terrain. There is also another scientific thought that further asserts that macro evolution played a very crucial role in the species on earth.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They believe that living things have evolved over time. This means that a horse some millions of years ago is not the same in features compared to the horse in existence now. It started with a small horse the size of a dog and changed in its stages of development into the horse that we know today. But it is difficult to rely on this observation of changes. Some changes that can be observed do not change into totally different creatures altogether. For example I do not find it convincing claiming that reptiles could ha ve possibly dropped their scaly skins and grew feathers to become birds. There is another law of thermodynamics which simply stated that the development of the universe did proceed from a complete state of disorder to order and simple status to complex ones. But as is established, the second law of thermodynamics rules that there cannot be progression from disorder to order. But still thermodynamics fall short of record of verification. For instance the law does not connect the missing links that do exist within the fossil record. If indeed macro –evolution took place over a period of billions of years on end, then the fossils of many creatures in their millions should provide evidence of some creatures evolving into other totally different creatures. This therefore means that if birds actually evolve from reptiles then there should be fossils that reflect a creature that was half reptile and d half bird. The nature of our world is composed of materiality. This means nature h as tangible things which are physical in nature. The nature has process. The process includes cycles and natural systems. Further, nature has got abstraction which is composed of ideas and expressions. The materiality aspect of nature does make great sense to me. Nature is made of material physical things. For example, human beings do exist and so does water, trees, animals, rivers etc. This applies to what I see in the environment and this sends me to the point of how should we exist in nature. This is crucial since it tells us that we are to co-exist with other things in this world. We should take ourselves to be independent. In this world we are co- inhabitants. One natural thing should not see itself as a substitution to the other. There is also a delicate balance that does exist and everything in nature has got its role and place in society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is Worldview? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The process part of nature cannot be ignored. Nature has got several processes taking place. These include nitrogen cycle, water cycle and many other biological cycles that do form the natural systems. These are in our environment in that should we tamper with any one of the cycles then nature suffers greatly and sometimes irreparably. For example we do know that nature has got a wonderful way of cleaning itself for us. In fact there are many cycles that help the plants and animals to survive on earth. The cycles in essence do form micro worlds. Though the cycles do exist in the natural world, it is upon the inhabitants to provide this micro-world an opportunity to ‘live’. Abstraction as an aspect of nature does reflect to us the existence of intangible issues such as ideas, expressions etc. Nature is not just physical; it is composed of harmonious philosophical issues that guide it. The human mind for example has perceptions, impressions and ideas. Re member these are not physical yet we cannot deny that they do exist. These do for instance bring sensations, unmeasured passions and other emotions. Ideas on the other hand are images that get formed in the mind. These can be put into reality by implementing or setting out to concretize the image that is in the mind. For example I have had to view our backyard in a different way. This is an image that I have formed in my mind and can make it tangible if I so wish by going ahead and implementing the changes. How our world is structured and how it functions. When we set out to investigate how our world is structured we are basically looking at the basic parts of the world is structured we are basically looking at the basic parts of the world and their attendant interrelationships. Further we look at the way those parts behave within a specific context or actual time dimension. According to me the world is structured in such a way that the past does greatly affect the present. It is al so structured in such a way that there is the unconscious reality on one side while on the other side there is invisible reality, objective reality and the visible reality. The construct of one’s perceived reality does greatly focus attention on many specific aspects of objective reality that eventually guides the way one perceives subjective reality. The world is thus viewed in what could be perceived through sciences, philosophy arts and even religion. We human beings are not just observers to the world as some people claim. We are very important players in the universe and things here do not just happen around us. We are part of the creation. We are connected to this universe since our connectedness does give us fulfillment through things such as pursuit for pleasure, joy romance etc. on this earth.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further we have the capacity to affect what is going through the world our actions. We come up with innovations and these innovations do have a way of helping or affecting the balance in the world. The things that join the universe like the particles of energy. We do share this and we get affected by things that happened in this universe before us and we get affected by those that will come after us. This essay on What is Worldview? was written and submitted by user Isabella Tyler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Goals

My paper is about many things. What I would like to say, is that I have many goals. My first goal is, to graduate from college. When I graduate from college, I will be the only one from my family to do so. The feeling that I will get from doing that, will be the best ever. And I have a son, and I want him to grow up thinking that if his dad can graduate from college he can also. From graduating from college I will have so many different avenues to go to. I can change my job or I can get promoted at the job that I have right now. I know that, the learning how to write a good paper, will have positive results. Like writing reports at work and just replying to people in an educated way. College gives you a leg up at work and looking for a job. My Second goal is getting married. That I already have accomplish. I am married to the best girl in the world. She is my best friend. When ever I get made she can cheer me up. She is best thing that ever happen to me. She is very cool headed and I am the same way. So we get along Peterson (2) very well. And we do not fight as much as I thought we would. She is the best mother and wife I know. She gave me my son on Jan 2003 and he has been giving us some-thing to work for. I did not know that having a baby would be so hard, but my wife makes it so easy. That why I love her so much. My third goal is to get a job that is secure. The way I am doing that is going to college and getting as much OJT as possible. Right now I have a job that is very secure but with the college and training that I am getting right now I have chances to excel in the job I have now. Or just get a new job in a different position. Right now I am a electronic mechanic in the communication field. With my BSIT I can go into the IT field and have many opportunities to excel. The OJT is going really good. I was out of electroni... Free Essays on Goals Free Essays on Goals Goals Goals are set of beliefs that people give themselves to accomplish and feel that life has a meaning, a purpose, a value. Having goals for some, gives them the answer they search for when trying to establish where they are in the world. Giving ourselves goals presents us with a much better understanding of how and why we do the things we do, giving a sense of direction and aspirations to look forward to. I say this about goals, because as I go through my life now, I can see that the things I would do and the reasons I would do them is to feel complete in the journeys I would take in my life. Those step to get there I call â€Å"Goals†. At a young age the disciplines that were installed in me by my parents, were all ways on how to prepare in the long journey we call life. From waking up on time, going to bed early, brushing the teeth, bathing, and last but not least also saying, â€Å"Please† and â€Å"Thank you†. These disciplines I think are what starts the formation of setting values for yourself and become ones goals. Goals for parents were to raise a good kid. What is a good kid? Well to parents, a kid that is well behaved, well mannered, respectful, and educated. This goal is probably the most challenging in a parents life. Children were not born with â€Å"How to Raise Children† manuals. As an adult I have set goals for myself as a result of following the disciplines of my parents. Everything that I have has been achieved by me setting goals for myself. I set my mind into starting a goal and then before long I have achieved my goal. Who better says it then the Nike motto, â€Å"Just Do It!† I also have noticed for the goals I have not written out and plan, I generally do not achieve. And if I did, it was not the intended goal I wanted. I have been in the business environment for the past 14 years, and I have seen that not only did I have goals for myself but so does a business. In order for a business to be suc... Free Essays on Goals Realizing that my first college semester and first college experiences are about to be over, I wonder to myself, did I make it through my first semester in college? Is everything down hill from here? Have I accomplished all my goals that I set in the beginning of the semester? I look back at all my original goals and contemplate if I have fulfilled my requirements. My first original academic goal was to be taken off provisional status and be placed on good standings. I hope to be placed on good standings at the end of this semester, but as of now, I am on provisional status. This goal seems somewhat easy to accomplish once final exams are completed. I hope I do well on my final exams, so that I won’t be on provisional status next semester. Another academic goal of mine was to maintain a B average in all my classes. This goal, however, fell short on two of my classes. In my chemistry class, I am currently making a D. This grade will go up because the professor drops the lowest test and quiz grade. I think what prevented me from making a B was the material was extremely hard to understand. I also went to tutoring sessions and still managed to bomb my tests. My U.S. history class is also difficult for me. I am making a C, but it was not the B that I wanted to make. I felt that I was prepared for the test, but when it came time to it, I felt very uncertain about some questions. One more academic goal of mine was to really learn something in all my classes. I feel that I have gained much more knowledge in this semester than I have in all four years in high school. I have learned something new everyday in my classes, different study habits, and adapting to living on my own. My personal goals appear very far away, but still within my reach. One of my personal goals is to graduate from college. This goal will remain a long term goal because I am still a freshman in college, but it is far from impossible. I will be the first in my family to ... Free Essays on Goals Goals can also be defined as dreams. They allow one’s imagination to expand. Throughout life one sets different goals and tries hard to accomplish them. Even though sometimes dreams may not come true, trying to achieve them becomes the goal. I’ve had several goals that have allowed to come out of my well-protected shell. As a child I had an imagination without boundaries and was constantly changing my goals. My ultimate goal was to become a movie star and win numerous Oscars. I’d watch television and hope that one day it would be me on the television being saved by Superman. I concluded that if that didn’t work, I’d become a dancer. Slowly, as I got older, my goals became more realistic. As a high school student I now have other goals to accomplish. My first goal is to graduate from high school. After four years, it’s getting closer and closer. I watched my friends do it and I know I can, too. My second goal is to successfully complete college. I’ve seen student who were doing poorly academically turn themselves around. As a result, I see myself accomplishing these two goals. After college graduation, my first goal would be to have a career I really enjoy. My next goal would be to be a role model to my relatives. I want them to be able to trust me and come to me whenever they need help. My family and some members of my community have been good role models for me and I want to be the same for others.... Free Essays on Goals After I graduated from David W. Carter High School, I decided to attend Mountain View Community College. At first I was just going to go there to just do my basics, and then receive my Bachelor’s degree from University of Texas in Arlington. I attended college the summer directly after high school. I was going year around because I was very excited and motivated to finish. I was also working at Arch Wireless as a customer service representative. When I first began school I had a lot of energy, but as the semesters pasted I started to ware myself down. While finishing school I got pregnant and he was born on April 18, 2002. I graduated from college with my Associates in Science in Business in July 2002. I was proud of myself because at that moment I learned that I finish what I start. I took off from school for two years, because of my responsibilities. I still planned to attend UTA after I settled down and got my son situated, but it never happened. I thought with my Associate s that I would have more job opportunities, but as I searched I still wasn’t qualified to get the job that I was looking for at the time. I looked at that issue and decided that I wasn’t totally complete. In the process I lost my job, so I decided to go back to school. I attended ATI because I felt that if I could get hands on training in my field then I would become more confident. I attended ATI Monday through Thursday from 6pm to 11pm for a year, and I worked full time. My experience there was not quiet what I expected out of the program. The staff were disorganized and the treated you like a child instead of an adult. I just recently finished ATI December 8, 2004, and will be officially graduating January 28, 2005 with my Certificate in Business. I was motivated to continue my education, because my grandmother gave up on me when I conceived my son. Also when I informed my mother that was going to enroll in University of Phoenix she was upset about it beca... Free Essays on Goals My paper is about many things. What I would like to say, is that I have many goals. My first goal is, to graduate from college. When I graduate from college, I will be the only one from my family to do so. The feeling that I will get from doing that, will be the best ever. And I have a son, and I want him to grow up thinking that if his dad can graduate from college he can also. From graduating from college I will have so many different avenues to go to. I can change my job or I can get promoted at the job that I have right now. I know that, the learning how to write a good paper, will have positive results. Like writing reports at work and just replying to people in an educated way. College gives you a leg up at work and looking for a job. My Second goal is getting married. That I already have accomplish. I am married to the best girl in the world. She is my best friend. When ever I get made she can cheer me up. She is best thing that ever happen to me. She is very cool headed and I am the same way. So we get along Peterson (2) very well. And we do not fight as much as I thought we would. She is the best mother and wife I know. She gave me my son on Jan 2003 and he has been giving us some-thing to work for. I did not know that having a baby would be so hard, but my wife makes it so easy. That why I love her so much. My third goal is to get a job that is secure. The way I am doing that is going to college and getting as much OJT as possible. Right now I have a job that is very secure but with the college and training that I am getting right now I have chances to excel in the job I have now. Or just get a new job in a different position. Right now I am a electronic mechanic in the communication field. With my BSIT I can go into the IT field and have many opportunities to excel. The OJT is going really good. I was out of electroni...

Definition and History of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Definition and History of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the  linguistic theory that the semantic structure of a language shapes or limits the ways in which a speaker forms conceptions of the world. It came about in 1929. The theory is named after the American anthropological linguist Edward Sapir (1884–1939) and his student Benjamin Whorf (1897–1941). It is also known as the  theory of linguistic relativity, linguistic relativism, linguistic determinism, Whorfian hypothesis, and Whorfianism. History of the Theory The idea that a persons native language determines how he or she thinks was popular among behaviorists of the 1930s and on until cognitive psychology theories came about, beginning in the 1950s and increasing in influence in the 1960s. (Behaviorism taught that behavior is a result of external conditioning and doesnt take feelings, emotions, and thoughts into account as affecting behavior. Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as creative thinking, problem-solving, and attention.) Author Lera Boroditsky gave some background on ideas about the connections between languages and thought: The question of whether languages shape the way we think goes back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that to have a second language is to have a second soul. But the idea went out of favor with scientists when  Noam Chomskys theories of language gained popularity in the 1960s and 70s. Dr. Chomsky proposed that there is a  universal grammar  for all human languages- essentially, that languages dont really differ from one another in significant ways....  (Lost in Translation. The Wall Street Journal, July 30, 2010) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was taught in courses through the early 1970s and had become widely accepted as truth, but then it fell out of favor. By the 1990s, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was left for dead, author Steven Pinker wrote. The cognitive revolution in psychology, which made the study of pure thought possible, and a number of studies showing meager effects of language on concepts, appeared to kill the concept in the 1990s... But recently it has been resurrected, and neo-Whorfianism is now an active research topic in  psycholinguistics. (The Stuff of Thought. Viking, 2007) Neo-Whorfianism is essentially a weaker version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and says that language  influences  a speakers view of the world but does not inescapably determine it. The Theorys Flaws One big problem with the original Sapir-Whorf hypothesis stems from the idea that if a persons language has no word for a particular concept, then that person would not be able to understand that concept, which is untrue.  Language doesnt necessarily control humans ability to reason or have an emotional response to something or some idea. For example, take the German word  sturmfrei, which essentially is the feeling when you have the whole house to yourself because your parents or roommates are away. Just because English doesnt have a single word for the idea doesnt mean that Americans cant understand the concept. Theres also the chicken and egg problem with the theory. Languages, of course, are human creations, tools we invent and hone to suit our needs,  Boroditsky continued. Simply showing that speakers of different languages think differently doesnt tell us whether its language that shapes thought or the other way around.

Osmosis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Osmosis - Movie Review Example The disease that invaded Frank’s body is called ‘Anthrax’ which is caused by the bacteria Bacillus Anthracis. It is a deadly disease that can affect the lungs, intestines or skin. In Frank’s case it affected the lungs leading him to experience severe throat ache and flu. He was also prone to the gastrointestinal infection caused by the hard boiled egg that frank had consumed. Also Frank’s eating habits and the ten seconds rule where pushing him closer to this disease anyways. The image of this bacteria is given below: In order to cure Frank, he was given the drug Drixenol as this drug soothes colds and flu. In my opinion this movie was a good show making kids understand the immune system. This movie was close to reality in the sense that it explained the ways in which an unhealthy lifestyle can endanger the human life. What had happened to Frank could happen to anyone in real life because if one continues to dwell upon such unhealthy eating habits he is prone to major illness just like Frank. Thus this movie had a good message in a very unique

Fast Imaging Techniques (MRI) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fast Imaging Techniques (MRI) - Essay Example Consequently, the shortened duration of flat top reduces both ESP and the geometric distortion of the image (Jezzard and Balaban, 1995, p.71). Another consequence of increasing the receiver bandwidth is faster imaging. Although increasing the receiver bandwidth allows faster imaging, it may also significantly reduce the SNR, and this often leads to more noise outside the spectrum (Parrish, 2000, p.927). For example, as the bandwidth range is gradually increased, the system may begin to sample more inherent noise together with the generated echo signal, thereby resulting in the fall of SNR. There are a number of ways that can generally be used to help recover the signals lost as a result of a wider bandwidth during the optimization of image. Some of the choices include acquisition of more signal averages and improving the receiver coil technology. The first option is, however, counter-productive because it may increase the amount of time needed to perform the overall scan while the se cond option if often preferred because it helps maintain the original objective of choosing EPI. Lastly, with regard to the required T2 weighted image, increasing the receiver bandwidth may reduce the effects of chemical shift artefacts on the image. According to Ra and Rim (1993, p.145), this is because higher receiver bandwidth results in a wide range of resonant frequencies on which the distortion is spread in order to cover a smaller pixel range and minimize the geometric distortion. 2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using segmentation in EPI. Segmentation is a new concept that has significantly made it possible to use EPI on most of the conventional imaging systems where constraints related to signal to noise would have otherwise prevented EPI. Segmenting EPI is increasingly becoming more important to a number of its properties that ensure improved image quality as compared to the conventional single shot EPI. For example, one of the potential benefits of segmentat ion is that it allows EPI to be able to effectively run on the conventional systems where single short EPI can not be used. This is because segmentation ensures less stress is placed on the gradients as opposed to single short EPI and is therefore critically important in situations where by the available SNR and hardware makes it difficult to acquire all the necessary k-space data before the elimination of the MR signal by the traverse relaxation (McRobbie et al., 2003, p.75). Another important advantage of segmented EPI is that it helps reduce the magnetic susceptibility of various artefacts. This is because phase errors often have less time to build up when segmented EPI as compared to single shot EPI. The shortening of echo train length also allows segmented EPI to be less prone to the effects of artefact variations. Segmentation can also be used to help reduce imaging distortion and enable higher image resolution as compared to single shot EPI. The other key benefit of segmentat ion of EPI is the fact that it can be used to increase resolution. This is particularly attributed to the fact that segmented EPI have relatively short echo train length, thereby leading to increased spatial resolution. On the other hand, normal single shot EPI usually have lower spatial

Organisational studies The effective of Team work and problems faced

Organisational studies The effective of Team work and problems faced 1- Introduction Groups and teams form a key part of life in work organization, coordination and cooperation are the most activities taking place within organizations which is only achieved by people working together. We always work as groups in our families, communities and educational systems, neighborhoods. There is no suspicion that the success of organization depends on the performance of its groups and teams. And by mobilizing groups and team the organization can meet its competitive demand in the challenging environment In the last years competitive environment have lead to the managers to concern and ensure more on the groups and teams performance very well. By implementation teamwork in the organization its lead to reduce the costs and to increase the profits which are the key in any competitive market in todays economic climate. Managing groups is the most important aspect because most of the organization work done within group so to manage this group its requires Planning- Organizing- Leading- Controlling (P-O-L-C) functions. This paper illustrate understanding the meaning of teamwork and groups and identifying the varied types of team and the three level of structure which are influencing teams and its importance in the organization behavior, understanding of tools and techniques that increasing the effectiveness of teamwork in organization. Extend analysis of group and team working. And critically important to understand how groups and teams contribute to organization effectiveness. While their effect is potentially positive. 2- Teams in Organization At the beginning of 1990s the use of teams within organization has been raised dramatic, such as the Miller Brewing Company increasing productivity 30% by using teams comparing with traditional organization. And also many organization they obtained benefits by using teams, Instruments in Malaysia to reduce defects from 100 parts per million to 20 parts per million. Furthermore, Westinghouse reduced its cycle time from 12 weeks to 2 weeks, and Harris Electronics was able to achieve an 18% reduction in costs.(  [1]  ) Many companies switch to use teams and they did good job like Square D, they changed to self-directed teams and found that overtime on machines, than the production increased because the setup operators were able to control the work in much more effective ways than a manager could say.(  [2]  ) 2.1. Definitions of Effective Teams One of the most popular definitions by Schein defines a group in psychological terms as any number of people who interact with one another; are psychologically aware of one another; and perceive themselves to be a group (  [3]  ) Handy confirms this more simple-mind as any collection of people who perceive themselves as a group (  [4]  ) however both of this two definition doesnt summarize why people work as a group, maybe this definition is better a group is a collection of two or more people who interact with one another regularly to achieve common goals. In the a group within this definition, members Are mutually dependent on one another to achieve common goals and Interact regularly with one another to pursue those goals over a sustained period of time. (  [5]  ) Effective group is a group achieves high level of task performance and human resource performance in the standers sense of quantity, quality and timeline of work tasks. And a group whose members believe that their participation and experiences are positive and meet important personal needs. (  [6]  ) 2.2. Types of groups (Formal and Informal groups) In organization, the groups can classify by two basic types Formal and Informal Groups. Formal Group: Its an official group of people who designed to serve specific organizational purpose, and its contain of managers, subordinates, or both close relations among group members that influence the behavior of individuals in the group. The head of the formal group is responsible for the groups performance, but all members contribute the required work. Managers are typically seen as playing a key linchpin role that ties group horizontally and vertically with the rest of the organization.(  [7]  ) Informal group: Informal groups are groups that appear unofficially and are not formally designed as parts of the organization, and contain of two or more individuals who are related with one another in ways not prescribed by the formal organization. And they occur through spontaneous personal relationships and specific interest. Not by organization support. Friendship group contains of a group of people which they have a good relation with natural affinities to each other. And they prefer to do work together and even smoking, eating lunch and also socialize together. 3- Stages of Group Development There is a robust model in 1965 which is still widely used today presented by American organizational psychologist Bruce Tuckman. He proposed a four stages map of group evaluation known as Forming- Storming- Norming- Performing Model.(  [8]  ) and then he enhance his model by adding the fifth stage called Adjourning. Figure 1.1. Stages of a Group Development Model Forming Stage In the forming stage the group members maybe know each other for the first time or maybe there some members know each other, and the group come to gather for the first time so initial of this stage the group member start thinking about the future and the next stage, and member ask some question as he begin to identify with other group members and with the group itself, because the high level of uncertainty, and the member tend to act more polite and avoid conflict and observant. Storming Stage In the storming stage of group development is a period when the member feel save and feel included in the group, then the storming stage start becoming more genuine and more confrontational. In this stage conflict arise, hostility and infighting it may happen. And some members feel the tasks are unfair some harder and easier, and now the leader should identify the problems and work out for the solutions and looking to satisfied everyones goals. But in this stage the members become more authentic as they state their deeper thoughts and feelings, and start to understand interpersonal styles and effort made by each member to find the method to achieve group goals and in the same way satisfied groups needs. Norming Stage The norming stage at group development, at this stage the group start to come together as a group, and the group members feel more committed to the each other and for the group goals and tasks, and they start to establish their own norms and rules and their goals and operating procedures. Hopefully in this stage the team starts to come together and members tends to be more open, helpful, and respect to each other and they may to share their personal information. At this point need to be carefully managed and the leader should become more of a facilitator by letting the group presume more responsibility for its goals and tasks. Performing stage The performing stage at group development, in this stage the team members should be more mature and willing to solve any complex tasks. In this stage group develop, well functional group, organized, mutual assistant, creativity, understanding goals and roles, and independence, primary challenges should contain to improve relationships and performance. Now the group members are motivated and generally satisfied. Adjourning stage Its an important stage for temporary groups, and its an well integration group which able to disband when its work finished and willing to work together in the future. And in this stage the group closure, symbolism, and they do some ceremonies, and emotional support. Figure 1.2. Stages of a Group Development Model Forming Adjourning Storming Norming Performing Uncertainty about groups, structure and leadership Conflict confrontation among group members Members settle into Team Fully functional and accepted End of team {in case of task} 4- Nature of the group Task There are many tasks that the group asks to perform it but also demand different things on them. The social demands contain relationships; members identify how to achieve the task and agreement. When the group faces a complex and technical task it will require a lot of information processing and solution. And the more the task complex the harder the group to perform more effective. (  [9]  ) However if the group want to achieve goals they have to distribute their efforts broadly and actively, by this the group members will be highly satisfied with each other and accomplishments. 5- Membership characteristics The characteristics of group members its an important inputs which may affect the way the group operates and achievements. The group must have high skills and competencies to solve and perform the problem and talents alone cannot assure good results. In Homogeneous groups, are groups whose members have similar backgrounds, interests, values, and attitude etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. but they still facing the limitation of their collective skills. In Heterogeneous groups, are groups whose members have diverse age, gender, experience, backgrounds, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and there is a wide range of talent and viewpoints for solving problem. But because of this diversity the group members will face difficulties in the short run or early stages of group development by defining problem, share information and deal with interpersonal conflicts .however, research confirms that diversity can be turned into enhanced performance potential. (  [10]  ) The Diversity consensus dilemma refers to a tendency for diversity in group membership to make it harder for people to work together even though diversity itself expands a group problem solving capacity.(  [11]  ) 6- Group Size Group size can also have an influence the on group effectiveness. By having large group members which will help increasing the performance and satisfaction by dividing up the work and accomplish tasks. Anyway, when the group continues growing in size a lots of problems will occur, communication and coordination problems set in, turnover, absenteeism and dissatisfaction. Even logistical matters, like to find a place to meet and also time, the large group will hurt the performance.(  [12]  ) the most effective number of members of group is between five to seven members, the group with less than five its might be so small to share the sufficient responsible. And with group members more than seven it might be hard to participate and offer ideas. And in big group it might be some members tend to act aggressive and to split into coalitions or subgroups.(  [13]  ) groups with odd number it might be more effective and efficient because speed of decision and using majority to resolve disagreements. But when careful discussions are necessary and the emphasis is more on agreement. 7- The Effective management and leadership systems According to the Dr.Rensis Likert whichs did lots of research on human behavior within organization, especially in Industry sector, by establish a effective climate and a system of management that the key of good leadership and he confirmed that to reach the maximum profitability, high productivity and good relationships between the labors the organization have got to make the most advantageous use of their human assets. After he did a research for many years he identified four systems of management: System 1- Exploitive Authoritative System 2- Benevolent Authoritative System 3- Consultative System 4- Participative Exploitive Authoritative In this system the responsible are the high levels of managements and the lower have almost nothing, and the decisions are on subordinates and the communication is very a little and no teamwork. Benevolent Authoritative Leadership is by a condescending form of master-servant trust, Where motivation is primarily rewards, and just the managerial level feels responsible and lower levels do not, and also there is a small communication and teamwork, Consultative leadership is by superiors who have substantial but not complete trust of their subordinates ,where a big amount of workers, especially those at high levels take responsible to accomplishing a organization goals, and some vertical and horizontal communication and a some of teamwork. Participative In this system where Likert found that it is the optimum solution, where the leadership is by superiors which they have full confidence in their subordinates and there are a economics rewards based on achieving the specific goals and high level on communication and significant amount of cooperative teamwork. 8- Characteristics of participative management system Groups work high effectively and linked together by other similar effective groups. High level of confidence between superiors and subordinates by depending and using on them. Superiors always attempt to tap ideas on subordinates and use them to achieve it. Workers feel responsible for organizations goals. High level of communications between groups and individuals to achieve organizations goals. The subordinates feel fully involved the decision making process.(  [14]  ) (  [15]  ) Role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload/ underload its a common problem in groups when the team members feel unclear about their roles or experience conflicting role, and it can be managed when the leaders and team members identifies conflicts and ambiguities role and take procedures to explain role expectations. Role ambiguity arise when the worker feel uncertain or dont know exactly about his or her role. To do jobs perfectly, members should know what is expected from them, and in many new teams because the role ambiguity it create problem like some members work efforts are wasted or unappreciated by others in the team. Even in the mature group the fail to share expectation and listen to each other it may make similar lack of understanding. Role overload Arise when the worker has a lot of work to and too much expected, role under load arise when worker dont work too much, feels underutilized and too little expected. By having clear and realistic expectations about their expected tasks and responsibilities typically the group members will benefit from that. Role conflict Arise when worker cannot meet the expectations of others. The worker understands what tasks and needs to be done but for some reason cannot fulfill, and can also reduce and effect satisfaction and relationships with group members. There are four common forms of the role conflict: Intra-sender role conflict occurs when the same person sends conflicting expectations. Inter-sender role conflict occurs when different people signal conflicting and mutually exclusive expectations. Person-role conflict occurs when ones personal values and needs come into conflict with role expectations. Inter-role conflict occurs when the expectations of two or more roles held by the same individual become incompatible, such as the conflict between work and family demands. (  [16]  ) Lists of References Likert,R.(1961), New Patterns of management, McGrawHill. Likert, R. (1967), The Human Organization: Its Management and Value, McGrawHill.

Sauna pants

The pants are simple to wear with adjust-ability in waists and thighs but still, since it has limited sizes to fit all types of body shape for both men and women, there are complaints grading inconvenience among users' reviews. You have the option to dial your desired temperature, but by sacrificing the moving-around due to the 4- inch cord. On the other hand, it is guaranteed 100% money back in 90 days after purchase for the relatively reasonable price $29. 99 – $39. 95 (compared to a standard sauna normally around $40-$60).No matter how promising this product may sound, if you wish to lose real weight this is not a desirable equipment. One deficiency is no clinical test or patent being mentioned; hence, skin irritations or other health-related problems like infertility are upon your own risk. Like how the claim ingeniously claims, the user just gets rid of some extra water weight, a small amount of weight that will be easily gained back during a re-hydration session. No musc le workouts or any kind of physical activities is needed while the real weight loss plan lies in the reduction of fat volume, leaving muscle and water remained.Same heating mechanism to accelerate water weight loss, we have another apparel item, the sauna suit. Unlike the sauna pants, the sauna suit â€Å"features high insulation and low water vapor permeability, due to the thickness and the lit-layered fabric design†, then serves as a major physiologic defense against overheating through sweating during vigorous physical activity, which makes it by far a more effective product in support of weight loss according to a research about sport bra and integral fitted sauna suit.Regarding the warm, relaxed treatment for soothing sore joints or tight muscles, it is just a temporarily relieved feel due to the heat, which a light intensity of exercise or a heating pad can do the same with far lesser cost. Legend the discussed understandings, would not use it for the sake of losing wei ght, nor commend it to anyone. This product is no use in any perspectives, also promotes laziness towards work-outs and unrealistic crave for healthy well- being with no effort.